Finance, Forex and Investments

When $1 is exchanged at Rs. 45, does it mean RBI holds $1 in reserve for every Rs 45 in circulation? If the exchange rate of INR is 1$ = Rs 45, then does it mean that Reserve bank of India keeps $1 in its reserve for every Rs 45 in circulation?

I really need help...? I'm looking for stock exchange rate for pvc,seel and iron as published by london metal exchange or reserve bank of india dated 19 November 2007 .. I have been searching so many sites to find rates, but unfortunately i have not found it. My time is over and i really need help in this case. Thanks in advance for your he;p.

Whether GOI is keeping Dollars as reserve fund with Central Bank of America? Its implications on Rupee value? RBI is keeping Gold as reserves for printing Indian currency. If India is keeping its surplus foreign currency in $ with USA then it is loosing its capital due to depreciation in value of $ vis-a-vis Rupee? Is India facing this situation? Why cann't India invest in purchase of other currencies which have a trend of appreciation in value? Raising CRR or reducing rate of interest on savings is not the right solution as it would result in financial crunch. and dishearten the domestic trade. Why cann't India use surplus foreign exchange to develop or procure items of Infrastructural support? Even if there is deficit financing or fiscial dificit, how is it adverse to our economic interest. USA is consistently using this method in its national economy. With Rupee going strong, why India is accelerating its policy of attaching no controls over valuation of currency when China is deliberately controling Yuan at under-rated value to serve its export policy and is trade surplus state.

Whether GOI is keeping Dollars as reserve fund with Central Bank of America? Its implications on Rupee value? RBI is keeping Gold as reserves for printing Indian currency. If India is keeping its surplus foreign currency in $ with USA then it is loosing its capital due to depreciation in value of $ vis-a-vis Rupee? Is India facing this situation? Why cann't India invest in purchase of other currencies which have a trend of appreciation in value? Raising CRR or reducing rate of interest on savings is not the right solution as it would result in financial crunch. and dishearten the domestic trade. Why cann't India use surplus foreign exchange to develop or procure items of Infrastructural support? Even if there is deficit financing or fiscial dificit, how is it adverse to our economic interest. USA is consistently using this method in its national economy. With Rupee going strong, why India is accelerating its policy of attaching no controls over valuation of currency when China is deliberately controling Yuan at under-rated value to serve its export policy and is trade surplus state.

Emerging countries or next slaves? Each decade some financial institutions like Goldman Sachs and others make predictions about what countries will be the new promising markets, etc. In the 70's there was this belief about Brazil, Argentina and Israel. The first two became the world's largest external debts thereafter, and Israel didn't take off (maybe for political reasons or maybe too tiny to be a world leader). In the 80' people were almost sure Japan would be the next world leader, and it simply didn't happen. In the 90's they made a comparison between the American and Chinese economies using purchasing power parity and not nominal exchange rates between the dollar and the Chinese currency. OK, this time they were right (at least partially). At the same time the EU was supposed to be the next world leader, and the Euro the next world reserve currency, and see what happened. Now there's this hullabaloo about the BRICS. Based on country sizes and population, people believe those countries have all that it takes to play a significant role in the world's economy, GDP and even political influence. But would this be another mistake? Most of those countries lack the minimum infrastructure, suffer from huge social disparity, poverty, bad education, political equilibrium, democratic principles, etc. Would this be another shot at expanding the domains of the true power/money holders (in the classic western economies) beyond their country borders, harnessing the lower cost laborforce in the BRICS, thus enhancing their assets, or is this idea just another conspiracy fallacy? In other words, I think we can already believe that China is on its own, but will Brazil, India and Russia, to name the three, develop better social and economic standards, or will they just be slaves working for their masters in Wall Street, London, the Central Bank in Frankfurt etc? What do you think? Dear Mr Lucio - it's against the community's rules to call people names. If I'm asking it's because I don't know, and I have all the right not to. I've already reported you.

*100 POINTS* Tell me what the paragraph is about/ Summarize.? America's vulnerable economy IN 1929, days after the stockmarket crash, the Harvard Economic Society reassured its subscribers: “A severe depression is outside the range of probability”. In a survey in March 2001, 95% of American economists said there would not be a recession, even though one had already started. Today, most economists do not forecast a recession in America, but the profession's pitiful forecasting record offers little comfort. Our latest assessment (see article) suggests that the United States may well be heading for recession. Granted, GDP grew by a robust 3.9%, at an annual rate, in the third quarter. Granted also, revisions may well push this figure up. But that was the past. More timely signs suggest that the economy could stall in this quarter. By early next year, output and jobs could be shrinking. The main cause is the imploding housing market. Experts said that house prices could never fall nationwide. But fall they have, by 5% in the past 12 months. Residential investment has collapsed, but a glut of unsold homes means that prices have much further to drop. Americans' spending is likely to be dented much more by a fall in house prices than it was in 2001 by the stockmarket's collapse. With house prices lower and credit conditions tighter as a result of the subprime crisis, households can no longer borrow against capital gains to support their spending. Dearer oil is set to squeeze households further (this week's drop in crude prices notwithstanding). Consumer confidence has already fallen sharply. It cannot be long before consumer spending stumbles, which in turn would hurt companies' profits and investment. The weak dollar will boost exports, but at only 12% of GDP, exports are too small to make up for a weakening of consumer spending, which accounts for 70%. I want to break free Will an American recession drag the rest of the world down with it? The economies of Europe and Japan rebounded strongly in the third quarter, but look likely to slow down. Although both should be able to keep chugging along, neither is likely to set any great pace. Strengthening currencies will hurt exporters in both places. Europe's own housing hotspots are cooling, and some of its banks have been sideswiped by America's subprime ills. The best hope that global growth can stay strong lies instead with emerging economies. A decade ago, the thought that so much depended on these crisis-prone places would have been terrifying. Yet thanks largely to economic reforms, their annual growth rate has surged to around 7%. This year they will contribute half of the globe's GDP growth, measured at market exchange rates, over three times as much as America. In the past, emerging economies have often needed bailing out by the rich world. This time they could be the rescuers. Of course, a recession in America would reduce emerging economies' exports, but they are less vulnerable than they used to be. America's importance as an engine of global growth has been exaggerated. Since 2000 its share of world imports has dropped from 19% to 14%. Its vast current-account deficit has started to shrink, meaning that America is no longer pulling along the rest of the world. Yet growth in emerging economies has quickened, partly thanks to demand at home. In the first half of this year the increase in consumer spending (in actual dollar terms) in China and India added more to global GDP growth than that in America. Most emerging economies are in healthier shape than ever (see article). They are no longer financially dependent on the rest of the world, but have large foreign-exchange reserves—no less than three-quarters of the global total. Though there are some notable exceptions, most of them have small budget deficits (another change from the past), so they can boost spending to offset weaker exports if need be. This does not mean emerging economies will grow fast enough to make up for the whole of a fall in America's output. Most of them will slow a bit next year: for instance, China's growth rate may dip to “only” 10%. So global growth will ease—which, after five years at an average of almost 5%, close to its fastest pace ever, it needs to do. But thanks to the vigour of the new titans, it will stay above its 30-year average of 3.5%.